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Brighton and Hove was granted in 2000. Architecture Sussex's building materials reflect its geology, being made of on and near the South Downs and in the Weald. Saxon Kingdom Main article: The foundation legend of Sussex is provided by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which states that in the year AD 477 landed with his three sons.\
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Archived from PDF on 21 May 2013. The UK's only print is situated at near Cowfold. Retrieved 29 November 2011. In 1974, the of Sussex was replaced with one each for East and West Sussex, which became separate ceremonial counties. Around 6000BC the ice sheet over the North Sea melted, sea levels rose and the meltwaters met south and westwards, creating the English Channel and cutting the people of Sussex off from their kinsmen to the south. The monastic chronicler who wrote up the entry classifying the invasion seems to have got his dates wrong; recent scholars have suggested he might have been a north of a century too late. Archived from on 18 August 2010. The was created later in the 11th century and the was created in the 13th century. In the most populous part of Sussex, around thethe Greater Brighton City Deal was formed to christian dating sussex the between to fulfil its economic potential, into one of the highest performing urban economies in the UK. Music See also: Sussex's rich musical heritage encompasses folk, classical and popular genres amongst others. The Royalists were routed with around 200 killed or taken prisoner. In 1264, the Sussex Downs were the location of thein which and his fellow barons captured Prince Edward laterthe son and heir christian dating sussex.

Dating from around the 12th century, the 'Lewes Group' of can be found in several churches across the centre of Sussex, some of which are celebrated for their age, extent and quality. The area of the ancient county is 933,887 acres 377,931 ha with a population in 1891 of 550,446 and in 1901 of 605,202.\
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**Christian dating** - Other writers from Sussex include and.\
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This refers to the historic county in England. For other uses, either see or, for the administrative counties that Sussex is divided into, and. It is bounded to the west by , north by , northeast by , south by the , and divided for many purposes into the ceremonial counties of and. Brighton and Hove was granted in 2000. Until then, was Sussex's only city. Sussex has three main geographic sub-regions, each oriented approximately east to west. In the southwest is the fertile and densely populated. North of this are the rolling hills of the , beyond which is the well-wooded. The name derives from the , which was founded, according to legend, by in AD 477. Around 827, it was absorbed into the kingdom of and subsequently into the kingdom of England. It was the home of some of Europe's earliest , whose remains have been found at. It was invaded by the and is the site of the. In 1974, the of Sussex was replaced with one each for East and West Sussex, which became separate ceremonial counties. Sussex continues to be recognised as a geographical territory and. It has had a single police force since 1968 and its name is in common use in the media. In 2007, was created to celebrate the county's rich and. Based on the traditional emblem of Sussex, a blue shield with six gold , the flag of Sussex was recognised by the Flag Institute in 2011. In 2013, formally recognised and acknowledged the continued existence of England's 39 historic counties, including Sussex. The South Saxons were a that settled in the region from the during the 5th and 6th centuries. The earliest known usage of the term South Saxons Latin: Australes Saxones is in a royal charter of 689 which names them and their king, , although the term may well have been in use for some time before that. The monastic chronicler who wrote up the entry classifying the invasion seems to have got his dates wrong; recent scholars have suggested he might have been a quarter of a century too late. The word Suthsexia was used for Sussex by Dutch cartographer in his 1645 map. Three in , , and , and a former of , are named after Sussex. The traditional Sussex emblem first known recording in 1611 by John Speed: Azure, six or The consists of six gold , or heraldic , on a blue background, as Azure, six or. Officially recognised by the on 20 May 2011, its design is based on the. The first known recording of this emblem being used to represent the county was in 1611 when cartographer deployed it to represent the. However it seems that Speed was repeating an earlier association between the emblem and the county, rather than being the inventor of the association. It is now firmly regarded that the county emblem originated and derived from the coat of arms of the 14th century , Sir John de Radynden. The , or Pride of Sussex, is Sussex's county flower is regarded as the unofficial anthem of Sussex; it was composed by in 1907, perhaps originally from the lyrics of 's poem entitled Sussex. Adopted by the and popularised in , it is sung at celebrations across the county, including those at , and at sports matches, including those of and. The county day, called , is celebrated on 16 June, the same day as the feast day of , Sussex's , whose shrine at was an important place of pilgrimage in the. The South Downs meets the sea at the The physical geography of Sussex relies heavily on its lying on the southern part of the , the major features of which are the high lands that cross the county in a west to east direction: the itself and the. At 113 kilometres 70 miles long, the River Medway is the longest river flowing through Sussex. The longest river entirely in Sussex is the River Arun, which is 60 kilometres 37 miles long. Sussex's largest lakes are man-made reservoirs. The largest is Bewl Water on the Kent border, while the largest wholly within Sussex is Ardingly Reservoir. Climate The coastal resorts of Sussex and neighbouring are the sunniest places in the United Kingdom. The coast has consistently more sunshine than the inland areas: sea breezes, blowing off the sea, tend to clear any cloud from the coast. Most of Sussex lies in 8; the exception is the coastal plain west of Brighton, which lies in the milder zone 9. Rainfall is below average with the heaviest precipitation on the South Downs with 950 mm 37 in of rainfall per year. The close proximity of Sussex to of Europe, results in cold spells in winter and hot, humid weather in summer. The climate of the coastal districts is strongly influenced by the sea, which, because of its tendency to warm up slower than land, can result in cooler temperatures than inland in the summer. In the autumn months, the coast sometimes has higher temperatures. Rainfall during the summer months is mainly from thunderstorms and thundery showers; from January to March the heavier rainfall is due to prevailing south-westerly frontal systems. In winter, the east winds can be as cold as further inland. The sunshine average is approximately 1900 hours a year, this is much higher than the UK average of 1340 hours a year. Conurbations Most of Sussex's population is distributed in an east-west line along the English Channel coast or on the east-west line of the. The exception to this pattern is the 20th century north-south development on the - , Sussex's main link to London. According to the urban area populations for continuous built-up areas, these are the 5 largest conurbations population figures from the 2001 census : Rank Urban Area Population 2001 Census Population 2011 Census Localities Comments 1 461,181 474,485 10 Sometimes referred to as two - Brighton Urban Area and Worthing Urban Area 2 180,177 180,508 6 Includes approx. In 2011, Sussex had a population density of 425 per km 2, higher than the average for England of 407 per km 2. The earliest statement as to the population of Sussex is made by Bede, who describes the county as containing in 681 land of 7,000 families; allowing ten to a family a reasonable estimate at that date , the total population would be 70,000. In 1693 the county is stated to have contained 21,537 houses. The 1801 census found that the population was 159,311. The decline of the Sussex ironworks probably accounts for the small increase of population during several centuries, although after the upwards of 1,500 landed at Rye, and in 1685, after the revocation of the , many more refugees were added to the county. The area of the ancient county is 933,887 acres 377,931 ha with a population in 1891 of 550,446 and in 1901 of 605,202. Reconstruction of Homo heidelbergensis Finds at in Boxgrove show that the area has some of the earliest hominid remains in Europe, dating back some 500,000 years and known as Boxgrove Man or. At a site near Pulborough called The Beedings, tools have been found that date from around 35,000 years ago and that are thought to be from either the last in northern Europe or pioneer populations of modern humans. The thriving population lived by hunting game such as horses, bison, and. Around 6000BC the ice sheet over the North Sea melted, sea levels rose and the meltwaters burst south and westwards, creating the English Channel and cutting the people of Sussex off from their kinsmen to the south. Later in the period, the area of the South Downs above Worthing was one of Britain's largest and most important -mining centres. The flints were used to help fell trees for agriculture. The oldest of these mines, at Church Hill in Findon, has been carbon-dated to 4500BC to 3750BC, making it one of the earliest known mines in Britain. Flint tools from have been found as far away as the eastern Mediterranean. Sussex is rich in remains from the and , in particular the Bronze Age barrows known as the and , one of Britain's largest hillforts. Towards the end of the Iron Age in 75BC people from the , one of the tribes of the , a mix of Celtic and German stock, started invading and occupying southern Britain. This was followed by an invasion by the Roman army under that temporarily occupied the south-east in 55BC. Soon after the first Roman invasion had ended, the Celtic tribe under their leader occupied the. Roman Canton Museum model of how Fishbourne Roman Palace may have appeared At the time of the Roman conquest in AD43, there was an in the southern part of their territory, probably in the Selsey region. A number of archaeologists now think there is a strong possibility that the in AD43 started around Fishbourne and Chichester Harbour rather than the traditional landing place of in Kent. According to this theory, the Romans were called to restore the refugee , king of the Atrebates, who had been driven out by the , a tribe based around modern Hertfordshire. Sussex was home to the magnificent , by far the largest Roman residence known north of the Alps. Much of Sussex was a Roman canton of the or Regni, with its capital at , modern-day Chichester. The Romans built villas, especially on the coastal plain and around Chichester, one of the best preserved being that at. Christianity first came to Sussex at this time, but faded away when the Romans left in the 5th century. The nationally important Patching hoard of Roman coins that was found in 1997 is the latest find of Roman coins found in , probably deposited after 475 AD, well after the around 410 AD. Saxon Kingdom Main article: The foundation legend of Sussex is provided by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which states that in the year AD 477 landed with his three sons. Having fought on the banks of the , it seems Aelle secured the area between the Ouse and Cuckmere in a treaty. Aelle was recognised as the first '' or overlord of southern Britain. He was probably the most senior of the kings and led the ill-fated campaign against at. Engraving showing Cædwalla confirming the granting of land to Wilfrid to build his monastery in Selsey. By the end of the 7th century, the region around Selsey and Chichester had become the political centre of the kingdom. In the 660s-670s, of Sussex formed an alliance with the Mercian king and together they took the Isle of Wight from the West Saxons, probably at the battle of Biedanheafele. As Mercia's first Christian king, Wulfhere insisted that Æthelwealh also convert to Christianity. Æthelwealh was in Mercia, with Wulfhere as his. Wulfhere gave the Isle of Wight and Meon Valley to Aethelwealh, with Wulfhere acting as. The alliance with Mercia was sealed with Æthelwealh taking the hand of Eabe, a Mercian princess in marriage. Æthelwealh gave Wilfrid land on the Manhood peninsula, close to his own royal estate and Wilfrid founded. The mission was jeopardised when King Æthelwealh was killed by , a prince of Wessex. Cædwalla confirmed Æthelwealh's grant of land and Wilfrid built his Selsey Abbey. Cædwalla was driven out by the South Saxon nobles and. The South Saxons fought off the West Saxons in 722 and again in 725. At the end of the 8th century, was perhaps the last independent king of Sussex, after which Sussex and other southern kingdoms came increasingly under Mercian rule. Mercia's grip was shattered in 825 at the , after which Sussex and the other southern kingdoms came under the control of Wessex, which later grew into the kingdom of England. Norman Sussex Battle Abbey was founded to commemorate William's victory in the Battle of Hastings. The high altar was placed to mark the spot where King Harold died. Sussex was the venue for the momentous , the decisive victory in the. In September 1066, landed with his forces at and erected a wooden castle at , from which they raided the surrounding area. The battle was fought between Duke William of Normandy and the English king, , who had strong connections with Sussex and whose chief was probably in. After having marched his exhausted army all the way from Yorkshire, Harold fought the Normans at the Battle of Hastings, where England's army was defeated and Harold was killed. It is likely that all the fighting men of Sussex were at the battle, as the county's were decimated and any that survived had their lands confiscated. William built at the site of the battle, with the exact spot where Harold fell marked by the high altar. Sussex experienced some of the greatest changes of any English county under the Normans, for it was the heartland of King Harold and was potentially vulnerable to further invasion. The county was of great importance to the Normans; Hastings and Pevensey being on the most direct route for Normandy. The county's existing sub-divisions, known as rapes, were made into castleries and each territory was given to one of William's most trusted barons. Castles were built to defend the territories including at Arundel, Bramber, Lewes, Pevensey and Hastings. Sussex's bishop, , was deposed and imprisoned and replaced with William the Conqueror's personal chaplain,. The Normans also built and moved the seat of Sussex's bishopric from Selsey to Chichester. The Normans also founded new towns in Sussex, including New Shoreham the centre of modern Shoreham-by-Sea , Battle, Arundel, Uckfield and Winchelsea. In 1264, the Sussex Downs were the location of the , in which and his fellow barons captured Prince Edward later , the son and heir of. The subsequent treaty, known as the , led to Montfort summoning the in English history without any prior royal authorisation. A provisional administration was set up, consisting of Montfort, the and the. These three were to elect a council of nine, to govern until a permanent settlement could be reached. Sussex under the Plantagenets During the , Sussex found itself on the frontline, convenient both for intended invasions and retaliatory expeditions by licensed French pirates. Hastings, Rye and Winchelsea were all burnt during this period and all three towns became part of the , a loose federation for supplying ships for the country's security. Also at this time, and castles were built to defend the upper reaches of navigable rivers. Early modern Sussex Like the rest of the country, the Church of England's split with Rome during the reign of was felt in Sussex. In the reign of , 41 people in Sussex were burnt at the stake for their Protestant beliefs. Elizabeth re-established the break with Rome when she passed the 1559 and. Under , religious intolerance continued albeit on a lesser scale, with several people being executed for their Catholic beliefs. Sussex escaped the worst ravages of the , although in 1642 there were at Arundel and Chichester, and a skirmish at Haywards Heath when marching towards Lewes were intercepted by local. The Royalists were routed with around 200 killed or taken prisoner. Despite its being under Parliamentarian control, was able to after the in 1651 to make his escape to France from the port of Shoreham. Late modern and contemporary Sussex The Sussex coast was greatly modified by the social movement of for health which became fashionable among the wealthy in the second half of the 18th century. Resorts developed all along the coast, including at Brighton, Hastings, Worthing, and Bognor. At the beginning of the 19th century agricultural labourers' conditions took a turn for the worse with an increasing amount of them becoming unemployed, those in work faced their wages being forced down. Conditions became so bad that it was even reported to the in 1830 that four harvest labourers seasonal workers had been found dead of starvation. The deteriorating conditions of work for the agricultural labourer eventually triggered riots, first in neighbouring Kent, and then in Sussex, where they lasted for several weeks, although the unrest continued until 1832 and became known as the. Railways spread across Sussex in the 19th century and county councils were created for Sussex's eastern and western divisions in 1889. During , on the eve of the on 30 June 1916, the took part in the at. The day subsequently became known as The Day Sussex Died. Over a period of less than five hours the 17 officers and 349 men were killed, including 12 sets of brothers, including three from one family. A further 1,000 men were wounded or taken prisoner. With the declaration of the , Sussex found itself part of the country's frontline with its airfields playing a key role in the and with its towns being some of the most frequently bombed. As the Sussex regiments served overseas, the defence of the county was undertaken by units of the with help from the. During the lead up to the landings, the people of Sussex were witness to the buildup of military personnel and materials, including the assembly of landing crafts and construction of off the county's coast. In the post-war era, the designated Crawley as the site of a. As part of the , the eastern and western divisions of Sussex were made into the ceremonial counties of East and West Sussex in 1974. Boundaries were changed and a large part of the rape of Lewes was transferred from the eastern division into West Sussex, along with Gatwick Airport, which was historically part of the county of Surrey. Main articles: , , , and From 1290, Sussex returned two to the of the. Each county returned two MPs and each borough designated by Royal charter also returned two MPs. After the with Scotland two members represented the county in the from 1707 to 1800 and of the from 1801 to 1832. After the Reform Act 1832 some of the larger industrial towns of northern England were enfranchised for the first time and smaller English boroughs known as Rotten Boroughs were disenfranchised, including Bramber, East Grinstead, Seaford, Steyning and Winchelsea in Sussex. The Reform Act of 1832 divided what had been a single county constituency into and divisions, with two representatives elected for each division. The reforms of the 19th century made the electoral system more representative, but it was not until 1928 that there was universal suffrage. Law Headquartered in Lewes, policing in Sussex has been provided by since 1968. Map of Sussex in 1851 showing the six Rapes A rape was a traditional sub-division of the county of Sussex. Their origin is unknown, but they appear to predate the. Each rape was split into several. At the time of the Norman Conquest, there were four rapes: Arundel, Lewes, Pevensey and Hastings. The was created later in the 11th century and the was created in the 13th century. Modern local authority areas Sussex is divided into two administrative counties and one unitary authority, Brighton and Hove. The divisions of east Sussex and west Sussex have their roots in the church's division of the county at the river Adur into east and west parts divided from at least the 11th century into the and the. With Sussex's cathedral located at Chichester in the far west of the county, 9 miles from the western boundary and 90 miles from the eastern boundary, it became practical to divide the county into two sections. The three eastern rapes of Sussex became east Sussex and the three western rapes became west Sussex. An act of dating from 1504 directed that, for convenience, the two halves of the county should have separate administrations. This situation was recognised by the County of Sussex Act 1865. Under the , the two divisions became two along with three : Brighton, and, from 1911,. Administrative area Administrative seat Population Area sq mi Districts Main articles: , , and Created in the fifth century, the kingdom of Sussex continued until its absorption into the kingdom of Wessex and later England in 825. In charters, Sussex's monarchs were sometimes referred to as , or Dux in Latin, which is sometimes translated as 'duke'. The early Earls of Arundel, up to 1243, were often also called. In 1801 the title of was created and conferred on , the sixth son of. Since he had no legitimate issue, the title became extinct on his death in 1843. Although there was speculation that the dukedom would pass to or , assumed the title following his. Much of the Sussex Weald consists of wet sticky clays or drought-prone acid sands and is often broken up into small irregular fields and woods by the topography, making it unsuitable for intensive arable farming. In these areas pastoral or mixed farming has always been the pattern, with field boundaries often little changed since the medieval period. Sussex cattle are the descendants of the draught oxen, which continued to be used in the Weald longer than in other parts of England. The chalk downlands were traditionally grazed by large numbers of small sheep, suited to the low fertility of the pasture, until the coming of artificial fertiliser made cereal growing worthwhile. There are still fishing fleets, notably at Rye and Hastings, but the number of boats is much reduced. There are working harbours at Rye, Hastings, Newhaven and Shoreham; whilst Pagham and Chichester harbours cater for leisure craft, as does Brighton Marina. Sussex had an iron working industry since the Roman period. The large supply of wood in the county made it a favourable centre for the industry, all smelting being done with charcoal till the middle of the 18th century. The Mid Sussex area had a thriving clay industry in the first quarter of the 20th century. Sussex has considerable variation in wealth and deprivation. GVA per head in 2009 for Sussex was £17,590, higher than neighbouring Kent but around 86 per cent of the UK average of £20,341. GVA per capita varies significantly between Sussex's three upper tier local authority areas: in 2009 Brighton and Hove had the highest GVA per head in Sussex with an average of £20,611 101 per cent of the UK average. The local authority area of East Sussex has the lowest with a GVA per head of £13,521, 66 per cent of the UK average. There is also serious deprivation in Sussex comparable to the most deprived UK inner city areas. Some areas of Sussex are in the top 5 per cent most deprived in the UK and, in some areas, two-thirds of children are living in poverty. In 2011, two were formed to improve the economy in Sussex. These were the Coast to Capital LEP, covering West Sussex, Brighton and Hove and the Lewes district in the west of East Sussex, as well as parts of Surrey and South London; and the South East LEP, which covers the local authority area of East Sussex, as well as Kent and Essex. In the most populous part of Sussex, around the , the Greater Brighton City Deal was formed to enable the area to fulfil its economic potential, into one of the highest performing urban economies in the UK. Tourism in Sussex is well-established, and includes seaside resorts and the. The and the provide employment for many more. A large part of the county, centred on has been recognised as a key economic growth area for South East England whilst reasonable rail connections allow many people to work in. Several large companies are based in Sussex including Brighton , Littlehampton , Worthing , Bexhill , Shoreham-by-Sea , Goodwood , Crawley , Eastbourne and Crawley. University of Sussex Campus The oldest university in Sussex is the research intensive , founded in 1961 at Falmer in Brighton, the first new university in England since World War Two. The University consistently ranks among the top 20 universities in the UK. It is home to the renowned and the , alongside over 40 other established research centres. In 1992 it was joined by the and in 2005 by the. Primary and secondary education in the state sector in Sussex is provided by its three of and and. Sussex also has some of the best-known in England including , , , and. The main building of the Royal Sussex County Hospital The Sussex County Hospital now the was founded in 1828 at Brighton whilst the Sussex County Mental Asylum later 'St. Francis Hospital' and now the was founded in 1859 in the centre of county at Haywards Heath. Sussex's first , the , was set up in 2002. In 2011 the four Sussex NHS PCTs joined forces to become NHS Sussex. The Major Trauma Centre at the Royal Sussex County Hospital is the for Sussex with the Sussex's other hospitals acting as trauma units. It is one of only five major trauma centres across the NHS's South of England area. The hospital also houses the Sussex Cancer Centre which serves most of Sussex. Main article: Sussex has a centuries-old reputation for being separate and culturally distinct from the rest of England. The people of Sussex have a reputation for independence of thought and have an aversion to being pushed around, as expressed through the Sussex motto,. Sussex is known for its strong tradition of and its proud musical heritage. The county is home to England's largest arts festival, the and , one of the UK's largest and oldest. Chichester is home to the and. Architecture Sussex's building materials reflect its geology, being made of on and near the South Downs and in the Weald. See also: Historically, Sussex has had its own dialect with regional differences reflecting its cultural history. It has been divided into variants for the three western rapes of West Sussex, the two eastern rapes of Lewes and Pevensey and an area approximate to the easternmost rape of Hastings. The Sussex dialect is also notable in having an unusually large number of words for mud, in a way similar to the popular belief which exists that the Inuit have an. Literature Writers born in Sussex include the poet and playwrights Thomas Otway, and. One of the most prolific playwrights of his day, Fletcher is thought to have collaborated with. Notable Sussex poets include , , , and , while poet and writer spent most of his life in Sussex. Percy Bysshe Shelley is one of Sussex's best-known poets is known for her many novels in the genre, which are set in the borderlands of Sussex and. Other writers from Sussex include and. In addition there are writers, who while they were not born in Sussex had a strong connection. Sussex has been home to four winners of the : spent much of his life in Sussex, living in Rottingdean and later at Burwash. Irishman spent three winters living with American poet at Colemans Hatch in the Ashdown Forest and towards the end of his life spent much time at Steyning and Withyham; spent much of his life in Bury in the Sussex Downs; and lived in Worthing in the 1960s. Wells was brought up at , , near , where his mother was housekeeper. He also went to school and taught in. While the novelist is particularly associated with and Wales, he lived in Sussex from the mid-1890s until 1910. Another 1882-1941 and her husband , had a country retreat at in near from 1919. They received there many important visitors connected to the , including , , and. Scottish writer 1859-1930 spent the last thirty years of his life in. In 1897 1843-1916 leased in , and purchasing it two years later, spent most of his last 18 years there, where he wrote several major works. Lamb House was subsequently home to both and. Music See also: Sussex's rich musical heritage encompasses folk, classical and popular genres amongst others. Composed by William Ward-Higgs, is the county's unofficial. Passed on through , many of Sussex's traditional songs may not have changed significantly for centuries, with their origins perhaps dating as far back as the time of the. The songs sung by the , , Samuel Willett, Peter and Harriett Verrall, David Penfold and others were collected by John Broadwood and his niece , and composers and. Sussex also played a major part in the folk music revival of the 1960s and 1970s with various singers including George 'Pop' Maynard, , Tony Wales and the sisters and. The Cure performing live in Singapore Sussex has also been home to many composers of classical music including , , , , and , who played a major part in recording Sussex's traditional music. While is one of the world's best known opera houses, the county is home to professional orchestras the Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra and the. In , Sussex has produced artists including , , , , , , , , , , and. In the 1970s, Sussex was home to , the UK's first large-scale free music festival and hosted the which propelled to worldwide fame. Major festivals include and. Religion See also: Sussex is connected with several saints, including ; , sometimes known as the 'Apostle of Sussex'; ; , Sussex's patron saint; ; and. In folklore, and are linked with while has links with. The historic county has been a single diocese after St Wilfrid converted the kingdom of Sussex in the seventh century. The seat of the Sussex bishopric was originally located at before the Normans moved it to in 1075. Since 1965 has been the seat of the , which covers Sussex and Surrey. The Roman Catholic cathedral at. Arundel has been a stronghold of the Catholic faith since the Reformation. Historically, the west of the county has had a tendency towards Catholicism while the east of the county has had a tendency towards non-conformism. The county has been home to several pilgrimage sites, including the shrine at Chichester Cathedral to St Richard of Chichester which was destroyed during the Reformation, and the more recent Catholic shrine at. During the , several Sussex men were martyred for their Protestant faith, including 17 men at Lewes. The nicknamed the Cokelers were a non-conformist sect formed in Loxwood. The and founding father of , worshipped near ; his UK home from 1677 to 1702 was at nearby Warminghurst. The UK's only monastery is situated at near Cowfold. The UK headquarters of the is situated at , near East Grinstead. Science and the are both named after 17th century mathematician. Pell is sometimes credited with inventing the division sign, which has also been attributed to Swiss mathematician , one of his students. In the 19th century, geologist and palaeontologist began the scientific study of dinosaurs. In 1822 he was responsible for the discovery and eventual identification of the first fossil teeth, and later much of the skeleton of. JM Keynes lived at Tilton near from 1925 to 1946 In the 20th century, won the for his work on substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of. While working at the University of Sussex, won the 1996 with and from in the USA for the discovery of. He won the 's in 1974 and in 2010 was awarded the United States. In the , Sussex was home to from 1925 to 1946. The founding father of , he is widely considered to be one of the founders of modern macroeconomics and the most influential economist of the 20th century. In the early 20th century, Sussex was at the centre of one of what has been described as 'British archaeology's greatest hoax'. Bone fragments said to have been collected in 1912 were presented as the fossilised remains of a previously unknown early human, referred to as. In 1953 the bone fragments were exposed as a forgery, consisting of the lower jawbone of an deliberately combined with the skull of a fully developed modern human. From 1967 to 1979, Sussex was home to the at the in. Sport Main article: Sussex has a centuries-long tradition of sport. Sussex has played a key role in the early development of both and. Cricket is recognised as having been formed in the and is England's oldest county cricket club. The cricket ground at traditionally plays host to a 's XI which plays the national sides touring England. The sport of stoolball is also associated with Sussex, which has a claim to be where the sport originated and certainly where its revival took place in the early 20th century. Sussex is represented in the by and in the by. Brighton has been a League member since 1920, whereas Crawley was promoted to the League in 2011. Sussex has had its own , since 1882 and its own , which has since expanded into Surrey, since 1920. In horse racing, Sussex is home to , Fontwell Park, and. The show jumping facility at Hickstead is situated 8 miles 13 km north of Brighton and Hove. In Arlington, near Eastbourne, the local stadium is home to the Eastbourne Eagles speedway team, who race in the UK's top flight of speedway, the Elite League. Stock Car racing is also held at the same venue. These seven things are Pulborough eel, Selsey cockle, Chichester lobster, Rye herring, Arundel mullet, Amberley trout and Bourne. Sussex is also known for Ashdown Partridge Pudding, , Sussex Bacon Pudding, Sussex Hogs' Pudding, Huffed Chicken, Sussex Churdles, Sussex Shepherds Pie, , Sussex Blanket Pudding, Sussex Well Pudding, and Chichester Pudding. Sussex is also known for its cakes and biscuits known as Sussex Plum Heavies and Sussex Lardy Johns, while was first created in 1972 in. The county has vineyards and a long history of. It is home to the 18th century beer brewers, as well as many more recently established breweries. There are also many cider makers in Sussex, Hunts Sussex Cider and SeaCider are the largest cider producers. In recent decades have gained international acclaim winning awards including the 2006 Best Sparkling Wine in the World at the. Many vineyards make wines using traditional varieties and methods, and there are similarities between the topography and chalk and clay soils of Sussex downland and that of the which lies on a latitude 100 miles 161 km to the south. Visual arts The Long Man of Wilmington is Europe's largest representation of the human form Some of the earliest known art in Sussex is the carvings in the galleries of the flint mines at on the South Downs near Worthing. From the Roman period, the palace at has the largest in situ collection of in the UK, while the villa at contains some of the best preserved in England. Dating from around the 12th century, the 'Lewes Group' of can be found in several churches across the centre of Sussex, some of which are celebrated for their age, extent and quality. In the late 18th century three men commissioned important works of the county which ensured that its landscapes and daily life were captured onto canvas. Chichester Canal by JMW Turner In the 19th century landscape watercolourist lived in Sussex and illustrator and painter and sculptor were born in Brighton. Gill went on to found an in Ditchling known as , which survived until 1989. The 1920s and 1930s saw the creation of some of the best-known works by who was known for his work of Sussex, Paris and Harlem and who is known for his paintings of the South Downs. In the early 20th century and , both members of the , lived and worked at near. Sussex also became a major centre for in the early 20th century. At , was patron to artists including and while at near the home of and was frequented by artists such as , , , , , and. Both collections form one of the most important bodies of Surrealist art in Europe. Retrieved 4 December 2012. Department for Communities and Local Government. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Association of British Counties. Retrieved 22 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2013. Webster's New World College Dictionary. Archived from on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2013. A Short History of Sussex. Retrieved 5 February 2013. The Sussex County Flag. Retrieved 8 December 2016. The Sussex County Flag. 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